The Importance of Interdependence and International...

The Importance of Interdependence and International Cooperation We are not a nation alone in the world. We do not make up the beliefs, developmental status, and environment of the entire globe. To act as if there is no interdependence within states is not only ridiculous, but also dangerous. Professor Squibwell draws attention to this issue, and while his views may be a little extreme in the statement that â€Å"the world functions as a single integrated unit,† he is accurate in suggesting that we â€Å"collaborate with other states, strengthen international organizations, and support the humanitarian and educational activities of international civil society.† International relations are dictated, to a large degree, by a set of norms. While†¦show more content†¦It therefore must produce the items for which it has a comparative advantage and trade those goods for those that another country had a comparative advantage for producing. While each nation may be working for his own gain in trade, there is also a concern for the overall gains of all states. Mercantilism may have worked in the past, but in today’s world it is important to create strong foundations for the future. Selfishness and personal gain is not doing anything of value in the world. Interdependence is also furthered economically with the importance of multinational corporations (MNCs). These mostly private institutions conduct business in more than one state concurrently and are located mainly in the world’s leading industrialized states. MNCs are important to states in that they generate new wealth. For the most part, they are industrial corporations that sell products made in factories all over the world to consumers in different states. Also under the heading of MNCs are service corporations. These include chains of restaurants, hotels, airlines, and other businesses that operate by providing services. Financial corporations are also considered multinational corporations. With most of the world’s banks being Japanese or European and money moving across borders as much as $1.5 trillion each day (Goldstein, 423), banks and other financial corporations make up some of the most integrated institutions of the world.Show MoreRelatedCooperation Between Nations And The Involvement Of International Institutions898 Words   |  4 PagesDespite the more pessimistic view of international cooperation of neorealists, neoliberals believe that cooperation can be a norm in international relations. Neoliberals see that cooperation is possible due to the interdependence of nations and the involvement of international institutions. Even though neoliberals have this outlook on cooperation, they still share the same core ideas of neorealists, but reject their conclusions. Neoliberals, similarly to neorealists, see the world in a state ofRead MoreRussian Annexation Of Donetsk And Luhansk Oblasts Due1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ukraine crisis has emerged from a domestic conflict and developed into an international issue because of the Russian federation intervention. The evolution of the Ukrainian crisis demonstrated the inability of the international community to handle it in a timely manner and prevent conflict escalation and ultimate stalemate. Although Ukrainian separatists seek to follow the Crimean strategy, many Western countries are strongly opposing to the Russian annexation of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts dueRead MoreA Critique Of Capitalism And The Power Of The Bourgeoisie Class1744 Words   |  7 Pagesliberalist thinking in the development of international institutions, the process of globalisation has dramatically changed the way states behave, something that realists choose to ignore. They believe that this is due to struggles throughout history, which supports the idea of hegemony in that states that have been successful in both economic terms as well as within warfare are more able to shape social change and progress. Critical theory also emphasises the importance of emancipation, which links backRead More Increased Interdependence in the East Asian Community Essay example1059 Words   |  5 Pagespersonnel exchanges have all helped to increase regional cohesiveness, connectedness and interdependence. As the countries in East Asia have become increasingly interdependent, leaders in the region have become more determined to build a framework for greater regional cooperation and integration. Regionalism has become a process in which East Asian nations can competently handle globalization and increased interdependence. An East Asian Community would ideally seek the goals of preventing conflict andRead MoreInternational Organisations, Agreements And Governance1376 Words   |  6 Pagesneed for interaction in order to secure its best interests. In the context of international trade, supranational structures are necessary for all parties’ best interests. With globalisation proceeding at an ever increasing pace, the frequencies and magnitudes of economic interactions between actors of different states increases exponentially (Nye, 298). Growing complex interdependence creates a common interest for cooperation, in terms of pursuing a common framework of regulation and establishing a commonRead MoreNuclear Issue in the North Korea from the Eyes of Neorealism and Neoliberalism2071 Words   |  9 Pagesnuclear crisis (The withdrawal of the North Korea from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2003) to the cooperation (Six Party Talks) and its failure is quite dramatic and worth exploring (Fang , 2009). This paper attempted to use two perspectives including neorealism and neoliberalism to look at the issue, and examine their explanatory power. Accordingly, this paper recognized the importance of the two perspectives in explaining the issue. On one hand, neorealism showed the restraints and balancingRead MoreLiberalism Approach of China Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesregardless of its power. Therefore, fundamental values, beliefs, needs and importance will bring all the major powers to very little degree of varying interest that will eventually sustain the world’s peace and stability. In this paper, I will argue that the rising power of China may not be a threat (in terms of realism approach) to other states because of its role in today’s globalised era. Firstly, the growing economic interdependence of China with other major powers such as Japan, United States, SouthRead MoreThe Theory Of The International System1741 Words   |  7 Pagesto be one of the strongest proponents of these changes. The study of the international system is comprised of many differing theories. These theories hypothesize the origin of international structure, events, and how states interact. Specifically, the varying theories present in international relations disagree on the causes of war. Political Realism has been the most dominant paradigm in the past 70 years of International Relations (Class Notes, August 31). This paradigm stresses the anarchic structureRead MoreGeopolitical. Collective Goods Problem1749 Words   |  7 PagesWhat theory best solves the collective goods problem? Provide an example to support the argument. The issue of collective good has to be think in terms of international policies Collective goods are, in theory, goods or services which represent two characteristics. The first one, called non-rivalry, means that the consumption of the good by an actor does not prevent its consumption by another one. The second characteristic, the exclusion, means that nobody is excluded from the consumption ofRead MoreRealism And Liberalism : International Relations, And The Cold War Period939 Words   |  4 PagesRealism and liberalism are the two main theoretical perspectives in International Relations, and both theories provide well developed explanations of the dynamics of the international system on the world stage. A system is a group of units or parts united by some form of regular interaction, in which a change in one unit causes changes in the others. In the international system, the states and sub-state actors, the institutions, and norms regulate their interaction. This implies that these actors

Financial Analysis Home Depot Essay - 4398 Words

Financial Analysis of Home Depot For Fiscal Year Ending February 3, 2008 Presented by: Team FAB 5 Financial Analysis of Home Depot Introduction Founded in 1978 by Arthur Banks and Bernie Marcus, who were both fired from a local hardware store after a disagreement with their supervisor (http://founderbios.com/bernie-marcus.php), Home Depot opened its first store in Atlanta, Georgia on June 22, 1979 (www.corporate.homedepot.com). The founders had a vision to create a big-box retail chain that empowered customers to take on their own home improvement and repair projects. As the fourth largest retailer in the U.S. and the world’s largest home improvement retailer†¦show more content†¦That is a great accomplishment for any company but is significantly excellent for a billion dollar company, such as HD. One possible strategy that HD could implement to speed up collections, is to have customers pay for items $100 use a cash or debit card payment method. This would ensure that HD collects on those specific payments immediately, thus decreasing the average outstanding days waiting to receive payment. Unfortunately, this type of strategy could put HD at risk for lost sales due to the customers’ ability to make credit card purchases. On the other hand, HD could provide percentage discounts on outstanding merchandise payment as an incentive to decrease â€Å"account receivable† time. 3. Is the companys inventory turning over at a satisfactory rate? Why or why not? Does the company maintain an adequate level of inventory to meet customer demand? Might it be the case that the company maintains TOO HIGH a level of inventory? Why or why not? Cost of Sales (ending 2/3/2008): $51,352 Inventory (1/28/2007): $12,822 Inventory (2/3/2008) : $11,731 Average inventory(ending 2/3/2008): [pic] Inventory turnover ($51,352 / $12,277): 4.18 times Average days in inventory (365 / 4.18 times): 87.3 days It should be noted, that 80% of HD’s current assets is in merchandise inventory. As such, Home Depot is dependent on selling its inventory to meet its cash obligations. This is notShow MoreRelatedHome Depot Financial Analysis1848 Words   |  8 PagesHOME DEPOT INC. (Note: all $ amounts are stated in millions) PART 1 a) There are 3 years covered in the following primary comparative financial statements, namely fiscal years ended 1 February 2004, 2 February 2003 and 3 February 2002: †¢ Consolidated Statement of Earnings †¢ Statement of Stockholders Equity and Comprehensive Income †¢ Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows There are 2 years covered in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, namely fiscal years ended 1 February 2004 and 2Read MoreHome Depot Financial Analysis1759 Words   |  8 PagesOffice Depot, Inc. (â€Å"Office Depot†), a supplier of a broad assortment of office products and business services throughout the United States and worldwide, announced on February 20, 2013 a merger agreement with OfficeMax, Inc., which will better equip them to compete in the rapidly-changing industry. In fiscal year 2012 alone, Office Depot generated $10.7 billion of revenues from its products and services, yet industry reviews of this company seem unfavorable. In this FSA Case Analysis, our teamRead MoreHome Depot Financial Analysis1835 Words   |  8 PagesHOME DEPOT INC. (Note: all $ amounts are stated in millions) PART 1 a) There are 3 years covered in the following primary comparative financial statements, namely fiscal years ended 1 February 2004, 2 February 2003 and 3 February 2002: †¢ Consolidated Statement of Earnings †¢ Statement of Stockholders Equity and Comprehensive Income †¢ Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows There are 2 years covered in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, namely fiscal years ended 1 February 2004 and 2 February 2003Read MoreLowes vs. Home Depot Financial Comparison Analysis Essay example4332 Words   |  18 PagesHome Depot Lowe’s | Financial Comparison and Analysis | | INTRODUCTION Lowe’s (LOW) and Home Depot (HD) are competitors in the every growing market of Home Improvement. The following analysis of each company will examine the home improvement industry, the individual companies, their operating philosophies, their financial strengths or weaknesses, and a final conclusion on which company would be a better long-term investment. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The growing trend of homeRead MoreHome Depot, Lowes, and Wolseley: Financial Analysis of the Major Building Equipment Retailers1907 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Home Depot, Lowes and Wolseley are all major building equipment retailers, Wolseley having a more global presence as a UK-based firm that started in Australia. Home Depot is a North American operator and Lowes is generally in the US only. This paper is going to analyze the balance sheets of these different firms to determine how each has performed over the course of recent years. The first company that will be analyzed is Home Depot. Home Depots total assets increased to $40,518 million fromRead MoreRatio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows1248 Words   |  5 PagesRatio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows Financial ratios are just a convenient way to summarize large quantities of financial data and to compare firms performance (Brealey Myer Marcus, 2003, p. 450). Financial ratios are very useful tools in order to determine the health of a company, help managers to make decision, and help to compare companies that belong to the same industry in order to know about their performance. Home Depot and Lowes are two home improvement chains in the UnitedRead MoreManagement Science1641 Words   |  7 PagesPublishing, October 2002 1. What do the financial ratios in case Exhibit 7 tell you about the operating performance of Home Depot? What additional information do the different ratios provide? Complete and compare a similar analysis for Lowe’s. 2. How sensitive is return on capital to the forecast assumptions in case Exhibit 8? What independent changes in Carrie Galeotafiore’s estimates are required to drive the 2002 return-on-capital estimate below Home Depot’s cost-of-capital estimate of 12Read MoreValue Line Publishing Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesOctober 2002 In Case Number 12, Value Line Publishing, October 2002, Carrie Galeotafiore presents a five-year financial forecast that shows Home Depot in an positive light. It also prepares to do the same with an analysis of Lowes. She supports the changes proposed by the new Home Depot CEO and that would play a role in improving Home Depots financial health in the home center and building industry. Galeotafiore supports her by mentioning a number of sources that would help the growthRead MoreHome Depot vs. Lowe’s Analysis1177 Words   |  5 PagesHome Depot vs. Lowe’s Retail Home Improvement Financial Analysis Background Introduction The home improvement sector of the economy is large with two major players in the industry and with many smaller local and regional competitors. These two major competitors are Home Depot and Lowe’s. These two companies account for over $110 billion in total sales each year. Even though sales have gone down over the past few years due to the downturn in the economy they have not gone down nearlyRead MoreThe Home Depot s Position1437 Words   |  6 PagesFinancial statements are the primary way that public companies communicate its financial activities and position of the business to management, investors and other users of financial information. The Home Depot (NYSE symbol: HD) of the world giant home improvement retailer, has a complex business model that is characterized by its business philosophy, â€Å"stack it high, watch it fly† which reflected a primary focus on sales growth in consumers and construction professionals. At the same time, the company

Conflict critique Free Essays

A conflict is a disagreement between individuals or groups which when remain unresolved, may need the intervention of a mediator to prevent escalation of the dispute. Conflict transformation on the other hand is when an individual mindset, attitude, skills and capabilities changes so they can deal with conflict resolution Issues. Indispensable in the process Is the modeling of spiritual lessons as taught In the Bible. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now In our everyday lives we face some kind of conflict this Is because we are surrounded by different individuals with different personalities and believe when efferent Individuals come together these personalities clash. The problem of conflict happens especially in schools and this Is why a course Like conflict transformation Is Important especially for school children. The course of conflict transformation seeks to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the nature of conflict. The course gives students ways of how they should manage conflict and successfully deal with conflict In different circumstances. During this semester the course have thought me some valuable things such as: the nature and causes of conflict, we have articulated in different conflict situation, developed skills and attitude towards solving conflict. The different skills that I have learnt have brought transformation in my life. Before learning skills of which to deal with conflict my ways of handling conflict was unhealthy. Whenever I had an issue with someone I would blurt it out in front of a crowd instead of doing it in a peaceful and respectful way. I would not listen when persons try to come to an agreement but since I have been introduced to this course I have learnt how to handle my disputes in the right way. Great impact as been made in my personal life. Now I understand the nature of conflict and that emotions play an integral part in conflict. Usually I let my emotions take control of me during a conflict, but conflict transformation as thought me the skill of emotional intelligence. This is where you learn to control your emotions and do not let your emotions take control so to let you make wrong decisions without strong feelings. Anger is an emotion which when expressed, causes a person to acts out of character and sometimes loose self-control, resorting to verbally, emotionally, and sometimes hectically abusing another person or persons. Sometimes, anger may be expressed for self-defense and â€Å"righteous indignation. This is one emotion which I had problems with. When I was angry, my anger over powered my thoughts. Instead of letting an emotion like anger cloud my thoughts now, I control my feelings, express my emotions in a non-aggressive way. Another Impact the course had made In my personal life is that it reminded me of an Important thing, which I must learn and always do, listen. When you do not listen to Indiv iduals you tend to misinterpret what they had said. This causes conflict and also put a halt In solving some conflicts. Not listening caused me to be In many conflict In the past. I did not stop to listen and understand. I now listen to Individuals as to show them that I care, that I have respect for them In addition to showing them that I have Interest In the Issue at hand. Due to this course I am now a better person because my life has been transformed. It has made some significant impact on my life. To avoid conflict I 4)Attacking the person, not the problem 5)Establishing objectivity 6)Use of Sarcasm 7)Tone of voice. Instead of not caring and wasting time arguing I am now†¦ ) Being aware of the emotional atmosphere. 2) Being sensitive of what we say and how we say it. 3) Seeking to be a peacemaker. 4) Being willing to negotiate your position on an issue and show respect for the opinion of others. 5) Being compassionate. 6) Practicing fair play and objectivity. 7) Seeking to create a win-win situation in a conflict. I am glad I was able to do a course such as this because it has given me a new perceptive o how to deal with people. I now can make myself to be a healthy, kind hearted person in addition to helping others. How to cite Conflict critique, Papers

Business Of Social Environmental Innovationâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain How A Retail Chain Store Maintains Its Sustainable Practices Determine The Existing Contribution Of Woolworth Company Towards Environment And Community? What Is The Key Responsibility Of Woolworth Company Towards Employee, Customer, Suppliers, And Shareholder? Answer: Introduction In the present scenario, globalization has resulted in creating better growth and development opportunities for businesses. Furthermore, globalization has also supported companies to carry out free trade practices and have more efficient access to the latest and upgraded technology. However, it can be critically argued that along with the growth and development of many small and large organizations, challenges linked with exploitation of natural resources, increasing pollution and global warming have also raised to a great extent(McCarthy 2014). These problems have emerged as a threat to entire environment, societies and the people living in the same. Nowadays, businesses are encouraged to carry out their operations and activities by adopting sustainable practices. In simpler terms, sustainable practices can be defined as those activities which result in economic development without depletion of the environment and natural resources(Methner, Hamann Nilsson 2015). The concept of sustainability emphasizes on the integration of three major elements which are environmental, socio-political and economic sustainability. Nowadays many brands such as PepsiCo, Starbucks, Tesco, and General Electric have adopted the concept of carrying out sustainable business practices. The present research outlines the sustainable business practices adopted by Woolworth Company Australia. Furthermore, the objectives, methodology, and limitations of the study are also highlighted in this report. Project Objective The primary objective of the present research to identify the way in which a retail chain store maintains its sustainable business practices. To carry out in-depth and efficient analysis of the topic under investigation, Woolworth Company has been taken into consideration. The present report has outlined the way in which Woolworth is carrying out its business practices without damaging the environment and society. Another objective of the present research paper is to identify the contribution made by Woolworth in the development of the community. Apart from this, assessing the key responsibilities of the company towards its stakeholders is also the objective of this paper. Project Scope The present research paper has helped in understanding the way in which sustainable business practices are carried out by Woolworth Company. Here, different sources of data collection are taken into consideration to gather accurate, reliable and valid information. This study has helped in understanding the overall contribution made by Woolworth Company towards the growth and development of community within which it is carrying out its operations and activities. On the other side of this, the study has also supported in getting aware of the fact that at present, Woolworth Company is accomplishing its responsibilities towards all its stakeholders in the best possible manner. For example, the business emphasizes on delivering quality products and services to all its customers at very convenient prices. In addition to this, Woolworth Company provides equal and adequate growth opportunities to all its employees. Literature Review It can be expressed that over the past few years, the concept of sustainability has gained high popularity among businesses and organizations(Lawley, Birch Craig 2016). Furthermore, these practices can provide companies with real benefits which are essential for long-term growth and development. For example, adopting sustainable business practices allows companies to enhance their overall brand image and gain a competitive advantage over the other players operating in the marketplace(Klovien? Speziale 2015). The rationale behind this is that adoption of sustainable practices helps in developing a strong sense of satisfaction among people in the market. Further, individuals start perceiving that the company cares about society and environment under which it is operating. It acts as a strong motivational factor and encourages people in the market to purchase product and services from one particular company. However, it can be critically argued that adapting sustainable practices is not an easy task for organizations as there are various issues and challenges which businesses face(Klettner, Clarke Boersma 2014). For instance, enterprises are required to carry out changes in their existing systems, operations, practices, and it is not an easy task to perform. Companies can attract investors and employees by carrying out sustainable practices in the long run. People are more interested in investing their money in organizations which take care of society, community and environment(Nursey-Bray, Harvey Smith 2016). A company respect towards workers, stakeholders, and environment can be considered as a substantial factor which motivates investors to invest their money. On the contrary, it can be argued that measuring and reporting sustainability practices is quite challenging and arduous(Hughes, McEwan Bek 2015). Further, this acts as an obstacle in front of organizations regarding adopting sustainable practices. Nowadays, leading brands of the world have taken the initiative in protecting the community and environment through their business practices. It can be expressed that brand like Coca-cola is carrying out its sustainable practices through water stewardship program(Rajabian Tabesh, Batt Butler 2016). The company has been able to enhance its overall efficiency of water usage by 20%. On the other side of this, brand like General Electric is encouraging more and more engagement of employees through its sustainable practices(Hadjimichael Hegland 2016). A company like PepsiCo carries out sustainable business practices through encouraging stakeholder management. Here, meetings with the stakeholders are conducted by PepsiCo at regular intervals and discussions regarding climate change, public health issues and scarcity of resources are carried out. The concept of sustainable practices is also getting popular in countries such as Australia and many companies operating in the country have adopted these practices. Australian organizations such as Westpac Banking Corporation, Stockland, Insurance Australia Group, Woolworths Company, etc. have become very popular in the world because of their sustainable practices (Pro Bono Australia 2011). Woolworths Company has developed a sustainability plan, and the brand emphasizes on accomplishing its sustainability goals by the end of the year 2020. Woolworths Company has established twenty primary goals which are linked with corporate social responsibility and sustainability(Flax, Bick Abratt 2016). The vision of Woolworths Company is to make Australia healthy through its products and services. One of the primary goals of the organization is to ensure zero percent waste going into landfill. Apart from this, the company has introduced its packing brand to ensure effective recyclability of its packing material(Woolwoths Group 2017). Woolworths Company is also creating awareness among industry and people in the market to carry out more sustainable sourcing of products. At the same time, the retail chain is focusing on reducing its carbon emissions with a purpose to deal with the challenges linked to climate change. In the modern era, landfill form food waste has resulted in negatively damaging the entire environment(Shauki 2016). Furthermore, the government, stakeholders and regulatory authorities now encourage businesses to reduce their landfill and protect the environment in every possible manner(Dos Santos, Svensson Padin 2013). Woolworths Company has taken a step further in this program, and the brand is reducing its overall landfill through various strategies and practices. For example, the retail chain emphasizes on carrying out the reduction in its stock loss and enhancing its waste management practices. Woolworths Company has also developed a partnership with the local community, and now it is contributing a lot to regional support, food rescue and farmers. In today's cooperate scenario, attaining higher profits and increasing customer base cannot be considered as the core objectives of businesses(Bepari et al. 2016). Every company has certain roles and responsibilities towards society, and these responsibilities should be accomplished in the best possible manner. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) emphasize on the fact that every organization has some responsibility towards society, environment, and these responsibilities should not be neglected in any case. At present, CSR activity of Woolworths Company focuses on different areas to ensure the protection of environment, society, and stakeholders(Devin Richards 2016). For example, the company now emphasize on encouraging more diversity within its staff members. At the same time, the retail chain ensures that no form of discrimination is carried out by all employees. Woolworths Company does not encourage any pay gap between male and female employee working at same level (Woolworths Group 2017). On the other hand, the corporate social responsibility program of Woolworths also focuses on the areas such as developing long-term relations with all suppliers and carrying out more sustainable practices(Zutshi et al. 2016). Nowadays, the organization is looking forward to carrying out responsible souring of all raw material and products. Here, the company is looking forward to earning respect and trusts of all its customers (Woolworthsgroup 2017). The responsible sourcing practices of Woolworths focus on areas such as animal welfare along with sustainable sourcing of fish, seafood, and forestry products. These practices have supported the retail chain to develop a strong sense of satisfaction among all its internal and external stakeholders(Arli et al. 2013). The major focus of Woolworths CSR program is to develop positive relationships with all its suppliers and development of community under which it is operating. The company has been able to achieve leading customer satisfaction score in the entire industry because of its sustainable practices and corporate social responsibilities. It can be expressed that the company has also developed and launched The Good Business Journey Program in the year 2007. In this particular program, the business emphasized on four major areas which were climate change, social development, transformation, and environment(Akbar Ahsan 2014). The company established more than 200 targets linked with sustainability for the period of 2007 to 2013, and it is been able to accomplish the majority of these objectives. However, it can be critically argued that achieving those goals was not an easy task for Woolworths and the retail chain was required to place a lot of efforts and resources. For example, the organization encourages its investors, employees, NGOs and suppliers to become part of the five-year program. At the same time, an audit of suppliers was carried out on a frequent basis to ensure that the practices which they are carrying out are sustainable. In addition to this, a fair and transparent process of communication was used to render information to all stakeholders. Over the past one decade, the brand has been able to sell products which create little or almost zero harm to the environment and the local community(AO Dos Santos, Svensson Padin 2014). The practices and business operations of Woolworths are also focused on dealing with the issues and challenges faced by society. The supermarket retail chain has developed targets to reduce its carbon footprints, improving its energy efficiencies and it can be stated that it will able to achieve the same with efforts and corporation of all stakeholders. The major limitation of the earlier literature is that it focuses only on the companys point of view towards sustainable practices. The reviews and work of other researchers and studies were not taken into consideration to identify the way in which a retail chain store maintains its sustainable business practices. The previous emphasize only on the information presented in within the official website of Woolworths. Thus, it can be stated that there is an apparent gap in the literature about the sustainable practices adopted by Woolworths. Research design and methodology The research design is defined as the action plan or strategy which is employed by research to accomplish objectives and aim of a particular study. The use of appropriate research design assists a researcher in arranging various components of research in a logical and coherent manner. To identify how a retail chain carries out its sustainable practices, the exploratory design of research is selected by the researcher(Coleman 2013). The benefit of using exploratory research design is that it has supported in developing insight into the topic chosen for investigation. In the existing research paper, the use of exploratory research design has helped in identifying the different strategies and action plan adopted by Woolworth Company to carry out its corporate social responsibilities. The problem associated with present research has been identified more efficiently through the use of exploratory research design. The process of qualitative research begins with the development of general research questions linked to the study. In the second stage, different kinds of literature and secondary sources are selected in qualitative research. The third stage begins with the development of the conceptual framework and then the process of data collection is carried out(McNely, Spinuzzi Teston 2015). The analysis and interpretation of information collected are done through methods such as thematic analysis. After this, the final stage of writing findings or conclusion is carried out. The validity and reliability of research are ensured by selected authentic and reliable sources of data collection. Furthermore, nonprobabilistic sampling methods such as snowball sampling quota sampling and convenience sampling are used in qualitative research. Quantitative research can be termed as the form of research wherein numeric data or numbers are taken into consideration while collecting information about a particular topic. The primary objective of quantitative research is to test different theories and obtain valid outcomes. The process of quantitative research begins with the formulation of theory linked with the topic. Furthermore, a hypothesis is developed in the second stage of quantitative studies(Zhang 2013). After this, the researcher selects the most suitable research design, and then different independent and dependent variables of the study are identified. After this stage, sampling method and the sample size is selected, and then data is collected. Further, different types of tools such as SPSS are used to analyse and interpret the information gathered. At last, the conclusion is drawn by data analysed. In quantitative research, probabilistic sampling method such as stratified sampling, simple random sampling, cluster sampling and systematic sampling is taken into consideration. Research Limitations To carry out the present study, a limited amount of resources and time was available to the researcher, and this can be considered as the primary limitation of the present study. Furthermore, the data collected in the current research paper was also limited to secondary sources. Here, primary sources of data collection are not used, and this has affected the results of paper to a great extent. Activity Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Writing Research Proposal Reading various literature Finalizing the aims and objectives Draft literature review Collect secondary data Analyze secondary data Develop research approach Draft research methodology Draft Findings Analyze data Writing down findings and conclusion Conclusion From the above-conducted research paper, it can be inferred that sustainable business practices have become essential for long-term growth and success of the organization. Furthermore, Woolworth Company has adopted different strategies and tools to carry out sustainable practices. At present, the brand has developed different sustainable objectives which it aims to accomplish by the end of the year 2020. The business has been able to accomplish its corporate social responsibilities in the best possible manner. For example, equal pay for employees is offered, and no form of discrimination is encouraged at the workplace. On the other side of this, Woolworth Company is also focusing on areas such as sustainable sourcing to reduce the negative impact of its business practices on the environment. Reference list Akbar, S Ahsan, K 2014, 'Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms.', International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, pp. 375-396. AO Dos Santos, M, Svensson, G Padin, C 2014, 'A fivefold bottom line approach of implementing and reporting corporate efforts in sustainable business practices. Management of Environmental Quality:', An International Journal , pp. 421-430. Arli, V, Dylke, S, Burgess, R, Campus, R Soldo, E 2013, ' Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. ', Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura, p. 16. Bepari, MK, Bepari, MK, Mollik, AT Mollik, AT 2016, 'Stakeholders interest in sustainability assurance process: An examination of assurance statements reported by Australian companies. ', Managerial Auditing Journal, pp. 655-687. Coleman, R 2013, Deleuze and research methodologies., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Devin, B Richards, C 2016, 'Food waste, power, and corporate social responsibility in the Australian food supply chain. ', Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-12. Dos Santos, MA, Svensson, G Padin, C 2013, ' Indicators of sustainable business practices: Woolworths in South Africa. Supply Chain Management: ', An International Journal, pp. 104-108. Flax, J, Bick, G Abratt, R 2016, 'The perceptions of supplier-buyer relations and its affect on the corporate brand', Journal of Brand Management, pp. 22-37. Hadjimichael, M Hegland, TJ 2016, 'Really sustainable? Inherent risks of eco-labeling in fisheries.', Fisheries Research, pp. 129-135. Hughes, A, McEwan, C Bek, D 2015, 'Mobilizing the ethical consumer in South Africa. ', Geoforum , pp. 148-157. Klettner, A, Clarke, T Boersma, M 2014, 'The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. ', Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 145-165. Klovien?, L Speziale, MT 2015, 'Sustainability reporting as a challenge for performance measurement: literature review.', Economics and Business, pp. 44-53. Lawley, M, Birch, D Craig, J 2016, '20 Managing sustainability in the seafood supply chain. ', A Stakeholder Approach to Managing Food: Local, National, and Global Issues, p. 284. McCarthy, BL 2014, 'Sustainable food systems in Northern Queensland.', Journal of marketing and Social Policy, p. 0_1. McNely, B, Spinuzzi, C Teston, C 2015, 'Contemporary research methodologies in technical communication.', Technical Communication Quarterly, pp. 1-13. Methner, N, Hamann, R Nilsson, W 2015, The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. In The Business of Social and Environmental Innovation , Springer International Publishing, New York City. Nursey-Bray, M, Harvey, N Smith, TF 2016, ' Learning and local government in coastal South Australia: towards a community of practice framework for adapting to global change. ', Regional environmental change, pp. 733-746. Pro Bono Australia 2011, Australian Companies Amongst Worlds 100 Most Sustainable, viewed 16 September 2017, https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2011/02/australian-companies-amongst-worlds-100-most-sustainable/. Rajabian Tabesh, A, Batt, PJ Butler, B 2016, 'Modelling the Impact of Environmental and Organizational Determinants on Green Supply Chain Innovation and Performance.', Journal of Food Products Marketing, pp. 436-454. Shauki, E 2016, 'Is This a Case of Self-Enlightened Interest or Genuine Accountability: A Study on Different Reporting Media in the Australian Retail Industry. ', Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, pp. 51-76. Woolworths Group 2017, Corporate Responsiblities , viewed 16 September 2017, https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/corporate-responsibility. Woolworthsgroup 2017, Responsible Sourcing , viewed 16 September 2017, https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/responsibile-sourcing. Woolwoths Group 2017, Environment and sustainability, viewed 16 September 2017, https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/environment. Zhang, Y 2013, 'Urban metabolism: A review of research methodologies. ', Environmental pollution , pp. 463-473. 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Answers to Questions About Tense #3

Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 By Mark Nichol Three questions from readers about mixing tenses, and my responses to their questions, follow. 1. When I read the following quote recently, I wondered whether it’s wrong for all the verbs to be in the past tense: â€Å"Smith said he believed that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† What do you think? Reporting is generally presented in the past tense, but to continue to form verbs in the past tense may misrepresent the facts. At the time that Smith spoke, he held a belief that he presumably will hold into perpetuity, so the present tense of believe is appropriate here. However, whether the verb after company should be in present tense or past tense depends on whether the alleged intimidation is ongoing. That was not the case in this particular instance, but if that is not clear in the context of the complete article, the reporter should explicitly state whether the intimidation ended. The sentence should read, â€Å"Smith said he believes that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† 2. Is the following sentence properly constructed?: â€Å"Launching nationwide on September 25, BankWorks is a new service offered by Banking Services, the same company that brought you BankTrack and BankData.† Somehow the variation in verb tenses (launching, is, brought) does not sit quite right with me, but I cannot say if it is wrong. Mixing tenses in sentences is fine, as long as each verb form is consistent with the tense for that piece of information. The service will launch in the future, but it is offered in the present, and the services BankTrack and BankData were established in the past, so the sentence is correct. 3. What are your thoughts are regarding tense usage for reported speech? Consider the following sentences: â€Å"John told me that he was married.† â€Å"John told me that he is married.† Which one should I use if I want to say that John was married at the time he said he was married and he is still married at the time of the reported speech? Write, â€Å"John told me that he is married† if he had a spouse at the time that he spoke to you. Write, â€Å"John told me that he was married† if John is now single. (Mixing of tenses is correct if the context warrants it, but it goes against the grain, and we’re so used to seeing it wrong, especially in nonprofessional writing, that it may seem incorrect.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesWhen to use "an"

Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa

yet can not capture the drive and struggles that Fukuzawa went through during this period of change. Along the road to the realization of his vision Fukuzawa encountered distaste from fellow clansmen and anti-foreign aggressors, yet with quiet determination and willing students from across the country Fukuzawa saw his country open its borders to Western civilization and embrace it fully. To understand why Fukuzawa strived for the complete dismissal of the Confusion feudal society that had existed for two and a half centuries prior to his birth, one must understand Fukuzawa’s childhood and studies as a student of Dutch and English. Fukuzawa’s father was a low ranking samurai, thus according to the Japanese class system at the time, Fukuzawa was born with the same class and rank as his father. His father died while Fukuzawa was still a toddler and his family moved back to their mother’s clan village and lived in relative poverty. Since an early age Fukuzawa’s mother had told him that his father had always dreamed that he would become a priest, Fukuzawa interpreted this as his father wanting him to b... Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa Yukichi Fukuzawa’s Autobiography offers an in depth view on one man’s dreams and hopes for a better Japan and how those dreams can become a reality. Fukuzawa lived during one of the most incredible changes in Japanese history, the Meiji Restoration, and was one of the biggest supporters for opening the country to foreign thought and civilization. Fukuzawa dreamed of a nation were the strict class system did not exist and a nation that welcomed foreign influence openly and warmly. Fukuzawa writes, â€Å"The final purpose of all my work was to create in Japan a civilized nation as well equipped in the arts of war and peace as those of the Western world. I acted as if I had become the sole functioning agent for the introduction of Western learning† (214). This one simple statement sums up one man’s life dream in a few words yet can not capture the drive and struggles that Fukuzawa went through during this period of change. Along the road to the realizati on of his vision Fukuzawa encountered distaste from fellow clansmen and anti-foreign aggressors, yet with quiet determination and willing students from across the country Fukuzawa saw his country open its borders to Western civilization and embrace it fully. To understand why Fukuzawa strived for the complete dismissal of the Confusion feudal society that had existed for two and a half centuries prior to his birth, one must understand Fukuzawa’s childhood and studies as a student of Dutch and English. Fukuzawa’s father was a low ranking samurai, thus according to the Japanese class system at the time, Fukuzawa was born with the same class and rank as his father. His father died while Fukuzawa was still a toddler and his family moved back to their mother’s clan village and lived in relative poverty. Since an early age Fukuzawa’s mother had told him that his father had always dreamed that he would become a priest, Fukuzawa interpreted this as his father wanting him to b...

A Penetrating Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Penetrating Analysis - Case Study Example The administrator had stored his admin password on his mobile phone and had left the phone unattended in his office. At that time he had not realized that his mobile had been tampered with or that anyone had retrieved the admin password and user name from it. Approximately two weeks later, a virus was uploaded to the company's server and effectively shredded all employee information. Investigations into the attack uncovered evidence from the data dump and the syslog files which indicated that the virus had been directly uploaded from within the organization by the administrator himself. At least, the username and the password the attacker had entered to access the company's server were the administrator's. Further investigations revealed the password theft incident and identified the attacker as a disgruntled IT employee, who had just been put on notice by the administrator. The employee in question was, of course, fired and legal measures were taken against him. The employee records , after the investment of considerable effort and time by the IT department, were retrieved. The seThe security incident described in the above, comprises a malicious attack whose potential for damage was significant. The attacker limited himself to the uploaded of a virus but, alternatively, he could have retrieved company information which was of value to competitors, such as client lists and a proposal that the company was putting together, at that time, for a bid. The consequences, in other words, could have been more damaging than they ultimately were, not because the company's network security system was effective but because the attacker's goal was limited to the uploading of the virus in question. Reflecting upon the security incident outlined in the previous, it is apparent that the network administrator was at fault. Password information should be safeguarded as keys to a vault are, insofar as they are the keys to a corporation's nerve center and misuse has the potential to wreak tremendous damage on a corporation. The second security incident which the company confronted was much more serious and occurred as a direct consequence of a vulnerability in the Cisco router which the company had installed. Apparently, Cisco IOS had a security hole which the company was trying to resolve through a software patch. Cisco had informed its IOS users that they would need to download and install the new software but had not mentioned the security hole. Therefore, my company and the IT department were, as the case with the countless of companies which used IOS across the world, unaware of the presence of a security hole. Many criminal hackers, however, were and Cisco only admitted it at a much later date (Zetter, 2005). Exploitation of this particular security hole did not mean, as the network administrator explained, that a hacker could enter the corporate network but that he/she could both tamper with the data and control the data flow. This is precisely what happened. The router password was changed, financial records were tampered with and two orders for financial transfers were sent by the Financial Director to an offshore bank

Appropriate Justification for Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Appropriate Justification for Punishment - Essay Example Therefore, punishment is a response to unusual behavior or crimes in societies and usually takes the form of either formal or informal ways of administration. Formally, the authority figures utilize systematized laws such as civil law suits while informally, the society uses social groups such as peer groups to correct an individual (Bonta & Andrews, 2010, p.58). Conversely, at the informal level, social systems are employed and this touches on families, friends or peers. Punishments vary in the severity, depending on the extent of their consequences in the society, and may include reprimands, ostracism, sanctions, incarcerations, fines, death penalties, or deprivation of privileges (Michael, 2001, p.99). Incapacitation, deterrence, education, rehabilitation, and retribution are the principal punishment justifications (Lippman, 2009, p.82). Deterrence, also referred to as prevention is a disciplinary procedure used to avoid offenses. Through deterrence, those who commit offenses are deterred from reoffending while those contemplating the offense are deterred from trying to commit these offenses (David, 2002, p. 11). The goal of this punishment is to scare people from committing crimes or they face the punishment. Authority figures on the other hand, use rehabilitation for reform purposes. This form of punishment rehabilitates the wrong doer and prevents them from committing the crimes again. In this case, the punishment changes the wrong doer’s attitude and makes them realize that what they do is wrong, and helps them stop it. For the sake of protecting the society, law makers use incapacitation as a form of punishment. In this case, the society engages in several methods to remove the ability of the offender to engage in future offenses (David, 2002, p.13), which includes imprisonments, amputations or death penalties. In most criminal activities, the offender usually gains while the victim of the offense looses. For the sake of retributive justice, retr ibution is necessary; to create a balance between the offender and the victim and ensure the offender suffers (David, 2002, p.15). Another reason for punishment is restoration, where the offender makes right whatever they have committed. Penalties for restoration are minor, and may include compensation or community services. In addition to these, there are other reasons for punishments such as education, which instills discipline to the society’s norms and values. Punishment has received much attention from scholars of various fields, specifically, philosophy and psychology. In Psychology, operant conditioning is most associated with punishment. Operant conditioning introduces the aspect of response-stimuli conditioning and learning through reinforcement (Nevid, 2011, p.183). In this context, punishment refers to the act of reducing behavior by applying an adverse stimulus or removing a pleasant stimulus. This concept is useful in understanding the justifications for punishme nts because they basic goal is to reduce or remove unpleasant behavior from the organism (Blackman, 1974, p.77). Over the years, civilization has changed the methods and perception of punishment. The rationale behind every punishment method is that its degree should fit the crime. The consequence of a crime to the society is used to assess and formulate the most suitable punishment (Hugo, 2010, p. 87). Every type of punishment has its purpose and this mainly includes: rehabilitating

Should tobacco companies be held responsible for smoking-related Research Paper

Should tobacco companies be held responsible for smoking-related illnesses and deaths - Research Paper Example This is due to the fact that, whereas smokers inhale cigarette smoke directly into their lungs, those close to them eventually consume the smoke exhaled as well as that from the burning cigarette in a passive manner (Brandt 15). According to 2002 statistics, it is estimated that more than 1.6 billion people world wide are smokers, translating to approximately 27% of the world’s population (Torrison 82). The effects of this habit are numerous ranging from cancer, impotence, heart failure, and eventually death. It is estimated that more than 400000 people die on yearly basis in the US primarily due to complications arising from cigarette smoking (Torrison 17). This essay is a critical evaluation of whether tobacco processing industries should be held accountable for the deaths and other effects of smoking. Tobacco Smoking There is no person who is born a smoker, it is a habit that one adopts willingly maybe due to some reasons that most smokers give such as peer influence, as a way of relieving stress among others (Williams 51). Interestingly, information regarding the various harmful effects of this habit is usually within the vicinity of these people ranging from manufacturers warning printed on the cigarette packets, flyers and posters erected by various organizations which fight drug and alcohol abuse as well as numerous informative advertisements on the print and electronic media (Torrison 11). In this context, it would be wrong for these people to feign ignorance and put the blame on someone else. Majority of smokers know that tobacco smoking is addictive, meaning that the longer you continue to consume, the more you will program the body to expect frequent replenishment of nicotine. Probably, this is one of the major factors which make it difficult for one to quit smoking and when some do, the craving for nicotine becomes intense hence resulting to fallback and the show of withdrawal symptoms (Torrison 31). However, it is the responsibility of these people to know that it only requires effort and dedication in order to be able to quit successfully. If this is not possible, they have the option of acquiring the services of professionals, who would guide them through the process and advise them on how to manage the craving for cigarette until that time when they will have succeeded completely. The major problem is the fact that most of the smokers live in denial, i.e. they refuse to acknowledge that they are addicts some giving lame excuses such as they only smoke when on a drinking spree or when faced with a difficult situation (Williams 81). The US authorities have tried to enact legislations with the aim of protecting non-smokers from harm, with several states banning tobacco smoking in areas which are highly populated such as public vehicles, offices among others (Brandt 62). However, it is sad to note that even with these regulations smoking continues to be one of the major causes of death with statistics indicating that 1 of every 5 deaths in the US is as a result of this habit (Dethic 52). Some critics have in the past put the blame on cigarette manufacturing companies based on the assumption that if they were not in the business, then people would not access the cigarettes (Williams 124). They forget that tobacco as with other drugs, such as marijuana, is produced from plants, which any person can access especially since there are no laws that have been enacted to illegalize it. As such, one can just plant his or

Types of Conflict and Stages of Conflict

Types of Conflict and Stages of Conflict CONFLICT MANAGEMENT Conflict is a process that begins when one party assume that another party has negatively affected or is about to negatively affect, something that first party are cares. The simply way to understand is conflict are disagreement between the two or more persons on any points. Conflict management is the practice of being able to identify and handle conflicts sensibly, fairly, and efficiently. Conflict management involves acquiring skills related to conflict resolution, self-awareness about conflict modes, conflict communication skills, and establishing a structure for management of conflict in your environment. Conflicts management are a natural part of the workplace occur, what the most important is the people who understand conflicts and know how to resolve them. This is important in todays market more than ever. Everyone is striving to show how valuable they are to the company they work for and, at times, this can lead to disputes with other members of the team. According to the assessment in our group, I have got two general problems. It is interpersonal an intra-personal. I will explain as follows with the scenario and the solution. Firstly, Interpersonal conflict is clash between two individuals rather than one individual a difference in views about what should be done. The different of view such as orientation of work time that are not part of an organization. Actually for interpersonal conflict we found some members in my group they have bad manner and no responsibility. For bad attitude like always came late when we have a discussion group. For responsibility, some members in my group they do not take care of their jobs. They did not came even they have free time. So in that case the rest of the members are felt not satisfied with them. For the solution, firstly our group leader tried and gave them the advices and motivation to the member are did not come in the group discussion. Secondly, our leader also tried to explain to them maybe they are not understand. Lastly, if they are still redoing their attitude, our leader use the autocratic system like let our advisor know the problem and they will get punish. Secondly, Intrapersonal conflict which are occurs within an individual often involves some from of goal conflict or cognitive conflict. A leader must ensure that all conflict of each members include himself should solve with properly to make sure that the program will run smoothly. For example, our group leader was tried to solve the problem especially for communication problems. In my group some Chinese came from China they cannot speak well in English. Different of language between members include local and international student make barrier when this project in progress. Based on the problem our leader encourage them to overcome the problem like show the uses of dictionary. Besides that, our leader also have the conflict because cannot get proper responsibilities of a group leader to do the tasks because all members have communication problems and that make all members hard to communicate. The problem that our group faced is the communication problem each members. This situation arise because of differences in language between each members that come from different background, nationalities and country. Weaknesses by using English language between each member will cause misunderstanding and will effect our project. Therefore, our leader decided to solve this conflict by using third person that are others members in others group to help us translate what we want to say or what they say. Other that we also use application such as Google Translate to get what the real meaning and can discuss together smoothly. There is a five conflict process in the addressing problem in the group that consists Potential, Cognition and personalization, Intention, Behavior and Outcome. This prosses can help our group get know the conflict that arise when this project ongoing. The first stage is the process is a potential conflict of opposition or incompatibility when members contribution ideas. In this stage, our group will meet and meeting together to develop idea to run the project. In our group, this stage is due to differences in language among members that will affect our goal and also affect our personality, emotional and aesthetic value. Communication between local and international students will be use English language for communicate each other. In this group, there have a group that members will talk a lot and less when we make a discussion. Our leader are not take this situation easily or ignored, but she will try to get attention with them by get idea that related to interested of them. This ways can help them to improve their motivation and not afraid to contribution and speak in English in this project. The second stage is cognition and personalization. At this stage, the perception of the conflict between members in the group. According to the Miler, 2011 in this stage, the parties aware of the conditions that trigger the conflict which leads to the displeasure feeling such as anxiety, pressure and the hostility. Problem that arise in our group that is difficulty to understanding English by Chinese student and this problem effect or group to complete this project. When this conflict arise, each member include our leader try to understand and help each other although it is difficult to work together and completing the task. The third stages is intention or the decision that can be use to solve our problems. The ways are by using competing, collaboration, compromising, avoiding and accommodating. We gave ideas to our members like suggested the dictionary be their friend, read a lot English books and watch English movies. Besides that, we helped each other to any task which is difficult to our member to solve and always to judge and guide them when they lost ideas of their task. It related to ways that are state early and we are more compromising and accommodating because we do not want to make the situation more serious and effect our project. The fourth stage is about behavior or become visible include statements, reactions and actions made by the conflicting parties. Our leaders will make division of the work and in this stages show that some of us are not satisfaction about their task and expressed that emotion. So, although the task are divided but other members can give any idea and discuss it together to get final decision. This ways can help our conflict not continuous and each members will be happy. Finally, we got the functional ways and methods as outcome to solve our problem. After all the activity that we do include face conflict, we have found the best ways to make sure that all members will give full responsibilities and corporation. The improvement that each member give are very satisfied and our leader also happy with it. Lastly, they also give corporate and provided good commitment to complete this task as output. MOTIVATION Motivation is derived from Latin word, ‘movere’ means ‘to move’. Motivation is general term applying to the entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes, and similar forces. Motivation is the psychological forces that determine the direction of a person’s behavior in an organization, a person’s level of effort, and a person’s level of persistence. From the tasks given as are candidates who are inexperienced working in a group or in an organization we got a lot of problems such as no responsibility between our members, unsatisfied from the tasks given by manager, and so on. From that above we got many ways to motivate our members, to make them be useful to themselves and to be useful in an organization. They are four kinds of resources of motivation that can encourage and influence the motivation in our group such as positive motivation, negative motivation, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation and others things that giving motiva tion whether it is acceptable or unacceptable by individual. Firstly, positive motivation. Positive motivation is involves proper recognition of employee efforts and appreciations of employee contribution towards the organizational goal achievement. The social and status desires require interaction with others if they are to be satisfied and they align with Maslow social need and the external component of Maslow During the problems that we got our assistant manager motivate us with gave the spirit words that can made us be happy to do the works given. She also recognizes the members who are gave full co-operation with is tells the lecturer who are did. Secondly, negative motivation. These kinds of motivation is use force, power, fear and treats to motivate members to give full co-operation and prevents members to be useless in group. In this case if any our member is do not want to do his or her task given, assistant manager warned and reports them to the lecturer if it is needed. Next, extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is induces by external factors which is primarily financial in nature. It is based upon the assumption that the behavior with results in positive reward tends to be repeated. For example, we are get motivation when the lecturer offer more marks if we are be the first one who are finish with the assignment given with do it correctly. It is exactly what was happened in my group. They are very excited to do the tasks given. Indirectly my members are very happy and felt got energy from that offered. Besides that, we also motivate ourselves with studied of motivation theories such as maslow’s hierarchy theory, aldefers ERG theory, herzberg motivator and mc clellond’s learned needs theory. Maslows hierarchy of needs, represented as a pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom Maslows hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation in Psychological Review. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow used the terms physiological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, self-actualization and self-transcendence to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through. From that information above, as a summary Maslow shows us about what is related in every person needs in their live. They are physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. We would explain as follows. Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human survival. If these requirements are not met, the human body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs are thought to be the most important; they should be met first. Such as air, water, and food are metabolic requirements for survival in all animals, including humans. Clothing and shelter provide necessary protection from the elements, and so on. Safety needs is the most important for me and my members, felt safe from any dangerous which is can prevent from getting emergency situations like conflagration, electric inconvenience and so on. It is can give disrupt the lessons to us if it is happen. As are students we also need looked after by the security or wooden for the particular times. Safety and Security needs are include personal security, financial security, health and well-being safety net against accidents or illness and their adverse impacts. The third level of human needs is interpersonal and involves feelings of belongingness. Humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance among their social groups, regardless whether these groups are large or small. For example, some large social groups may include clubs, co-workers, religious groups, professional organizations, sports teams, and gangs. Some examples of small social connections include family members, intimate partners, mentors, colleagues, and confidants. Many people become susceptible to loneliness, social anxiety, and clinical depression in the absence of this love or belonging element. This need for belonging may overcome the physiological and security needs, depending on the strength of the peer pressure. All persons have a need to feel respected from other; this includes the need to have self-esteem and self-respect. Esteem presents the typical human desire to be accepted and valued by others. People often engage in a profession or hobby to gain recognition. Low self-esteem or an inferiority complex may result from imbalances during this level in the hierarchy. People with low self-esteem often need respect from others; they may feel the need to seek fame or glory. However, fame or glory will not help the person to build their self-esteem until they accept who they are internally. Psychological imbalances such as depression can hinder the person from obtaining a higher level of self-esteem or self-respect. This level of need refers to what a persons full potential is and the realization of that potential. Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be. Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may have the strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed athletically. For others, it may be expressed in paintings, pictures, or inventions. As previously mentioned, Maslow believed that to understand this level of need, the person must not only achieve the previous needs, but master them. In conclusion, with study the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy theory it made us to understand member’s behaviors and their needs easily. Besides that, to be careful every single word when talking to people especially members in the group to make them are respected. In this project, our leader will motivate each of members because this project are not give any cash incentive such as salary. First ways that our leader makes is to divide job for each members. It will have other situation that members are not satisfaction about their job. So, our leader will make sure that this conflict will solve to create positive environment of this project. When situation are positive will give motivate each members to work properly and give full Co-operation. In our group, each of members will try the best to do their job because their feel enthusiastic to complete this project. Second way that our leader uses to motivate each member is non-cash incentive. Our leader motivates us with advice to give good performance even there is no cash incentive. Our leader also reminded the members that this tasks given very useful to the future. The benefits are improved our skills and performances when we are worked at the real life. Besides that, our lecturer also told that the subjects taken are very important like make a proposal, and make a simple document (request letter) and so on.

Amazing Grace Essay -- essays research papers

Jonathan Kozol's Amazing Grace is a book about the trials and tribulations of everyday life for a group of children who live in the poorest congressional district of the United States, the South Bronx. Their lives may seem extraordinary to us, but to them, they are just as normal as everyone else. What is normal? For the children of the South Bronx, living with the pollution, the sickness, the drugs, and the violence is the only way of life many of them have ever known. In this book, the children speak openly and honestly about feeling 'abandoned', 'hidden' or 'forgotten' by our nation, one that is blind to their problems. Studying the people themselves would only get us so far in understanding what their community is really like and why they feel this way. Jonathan Kozol really got to know the people individually. We can take his knowledge and stories to try for a better understanding of the environment in which they live. By doing this, we can explore the many reasons why the people have problems, what some levels of intervention could be, and possibly find some solutions to making the South Bronx a healthier and safer place for these children and others to live. Problem Identification The environment in which we study these people can only be defined by first taking a look at possible reasons why the people have problems. Some of the problems discussed in Amazing Grace have festered throughout the United States for some time now. The high numbers of drug users in the community, the high amounts of gang-related violence, and the numerous cases of people who have contracted the AIDS virus are just some of the problems that have arisen in this ghetto. There are many differences between this community and others in the United States, one of which is that the government has grouped these people all together and made a ghetto of the lowest income families. This has ostracized them from the rest of the nation. It has given them many abandonment issues to deal with, while also telling them they are not worthy of living among the wealthier population. Environmental factors are involved in the problems arising in the South Bronx. Pollution, for example, could be the biggest source of the high number of children in the community who have asthma. Asthma is a condition in which one has trouble breathing. Without clean ... ...s for the people in these neighborhoods have gotten to be that of violence and drugs. These are not healthy norms. To change them, the communities could use more education on social issues in the schools and communities to help the people learn to live healthier lifestyles, to get the word out that violence and disruptance are not all right, and to help the people obtain some community unity. Getting some of the well known community members involved in politics is another way they could get their voices heard and let the government know their needs and desires. Support groups held for people with AIDS, for people who have lost loved ones, and also for people who just need a place to talk about their emotions and get their frustrations out, would help the community as a whole and get more people involved in the healing process of that community. If the people in the South Bronx would act as a community bound together to help themselves and each other, there would be less tolerance for deviant behavior among it's members. Then the ones who act defiantly could be out-numbered, and the good citizens of the South Bronx could reclaim their homes and their lives.

How to Build Positive Relationship with Close Friends

How to build positive relationship with close friends or old buddies According to Ronnie Nijmeh, even the best relationships can be challenging, therefore we must find some methods to maintain a good relationship with close friends. Also, we usually find our best friends during the secondary school period. Even you two are best friend; there are still many challenges that affect the relationship between you two.For example, when you two face a new situation, saying that going to a new school or different universities, you certainly reduce much opportunities to have a face to face contact with your friends because each of you will be busier and you will make new friends respectively. We need to try our best to maintain a close contact with close friends. Firstly, according to Lesley Petersen, the trainer of personal development, she points out that appreciating the time spent with close friends are the key.That means the most important thing is to have a regular gathering or meeting w ith your close friends. No matter how busy you are, this is the must you need to do. Only under this situation, you can hear the recent daily life from your friends and more understanding on his/ her updated news. This is the golden chance for you to share your happiness or difficulties. Also, it is the only method making you get closer with your friends as the contact on Face book or SMS cannot serve such function.Releted essay –Â  An Empty Purse Frightens Away FriendsOnly the face to face contact can impress you and let you feel warm. Secondly, as you two are best friend, faith is one of the important factors contributing to a healthy relationship. Close friends need not to deliberately find some common topics or superficial things to talk with. Try to express your inner feelings to your close friends and need not to be embarrassing, therefore your friends can feel your true heart and the relationship can be long lasting.We need to frank with our close friends even we have some discontent with her/ him or they have mistakes, because close friends are difference from hi bye friends or simple friends, we need not feel embarrass when we are pointing out their bad things. Surely, we cannot make personal attack on them but guide them back to a good way. Thirdly, in an attempt to build up a long lasting positive relationship with close friends, we need to try our best to trust our friends and do not easily affected by others’ rumors.Because he/she is your best friend, so we need to show hundred percent of support and confidence to him/ her. Even though there are some rumors heard from others, we should first understand the whole and directly ask our close friends but not suspect on him/her at once. This can show your trust to your friends. Besides, we need to be a trustworthy person. If our close friends tell us some secret, we should keep this secret in our heart but not tell others under any circumstances. Otherwise, we betray our friends.Finally, we can try our best to show our helping hands to our friends who are in need. As close friends are valuable and are the one staying with us forever, we should help them if we are able to do so. For example, providing some financial assist or some consultation advises to them if they need. If we always care about our own benefits, our friends just think we are a pragmatic person but not really want to make friends with them. Therefore, a positive relationship will not be maintained.

Elizabethan Theatre essays

Elizabethan Theatre essays The first Theatre to be built in London was The Great Theatre built in 1576 by James Burbage, in Shoreditch, north of the city walls in London (north of London Wall which bounded the city proper); on the edge of Finsbury Fields, just past Bishopsgate Street. The building was a vast, polygonal, three-story timber structure, open to the sun and rain. Its exterior was coated with lime and plaster. It had features similar to those of the future Globe playhouse and other playhouses of the day, such as galleries, upper rooms, a tiring house, and trap doors in the stage floor. Like the Globe, the Theatre had two external staircases, standing on either side of the building, and leading up to the galleries. Those people watching from the main "yard", were surrounded by the comfortable covered galleries, and were forced to stand during the entire performance. It was dismantled in 1599 when its lease expired, and the timbers were then used for the building of The Globe. The Globe was built i n 1599, but the thatch roof caught fire in 1613 due to a canon being fired during a production of "Henry VIII" and the theatre was destroyed. It was rebuilt in 1614 and finally demolished in 1644. Shakespeare acted and staged many of his plays at the Globe. The Swan Theatre was built some time about 1595 by Francis Langley in Bankside, London. The Rose was the first theatre Built in 1587 by Philip Henslowe, (a local businessman). It was only the fifth purpose-built theatre in London, and was the first on Bankside - an area already rich in attractions of a somewhat dubious nature, including brothels, gaming dens, and bull- and bear-baiting arenas. The Fortune Theatre was built in 1600 by Phillip Henslowe as competition for the Globe Theatre. The Fortune Theatre resembled the Globe except that it was square and its timbers remained unpainted. Many of the plays were staged in Inns, as this is where the majority of people could be found in larg...

Guide to The Communist Manifesto

Guide to The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto, originally known as The Manifesto of the Communist Party, was published by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, and is one of the most widely taught texts within sociology. The text was commissioned  by the Communist League in London and was originally published there, in German. While at the time it served as a political rally cry for the communist movement throughout Europe, it is so widely taught today because it offers a shrewd and early critique of capitalism and its social and cultural implications. For students of sociology, the text is a useful primer on Marxs critique of capitalism, which is presented in much more depth and detail in  Capital, Volumes 1-3. History The Communist Manifesto is the product of the joint development of ideas between Marx and Engels, and rooted in debates held by Communist League leaders in London; however, the final draft was written solely by Marx. The text became a significant political influence in Germany and led to Marx being expelled from the country, and his permanent move to London. It  was first published in English in 1850.   Despite its controversial reception in Germany and its pivotal role in Marxs life, the text was paid rather little attention until the 1870s, when Marx took a prominent role in the International Workingmens Association, and publicly supported the 1871 Paris commune and socialist movement. The text also captured wider attention thanks to its role in a treason trial held against German Social Democratic Party leaders. Marx and Engels revised and republished the text after it became more widely known, which resulted in the text that we know today. It has been popular and widely read around the world since the late 19th century, and continues to serve as a basis for critiques of capitalism, and as a call for social, economic, and political systems that are organized by equality and democracy, rather than exploitation. Introduction to the Manifesto A spectre is haunting Europe- the spectre of communism. Marx and Engels begin the manifesto by pointing out that those in power across Europe have identified communism as a threat, which they believe means that as a movement, it has the political potential to change the power structure and economic system that was currently in place (capitalism). They then state that the movement requires a manifesto and that this is what the text is meant to be. Part 1: Bourgeois and Proletarians The history of all hitherto existing society  is the history of class struggles. In Part 1 of the manifesto, Marx and Engels explain the evolution and functioning of the unequal and exploitative class structure that resulted from the rise of capitalism as an economic system. They explain that while political revolutions overturned the unequal hierarchies of feudalism, in their place sprung a new class system composed primarily of a bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) and proletariat (wage workers). They wrote,  The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with class antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Marx and Engels explain that the bourgeoisie have done this not just by control of industry, or the economic engine of society, but also because those within this class seized state power by creating and controlling the post-feudal political system. Consequently, they explain, the state (or, government) reflects the world views and interests of the bourgeoisie classthe wealthy and powerful minorityand not those of the proletariat, who are actually the majority of society. Next Marx and Engels explain the cruel, exploitative reality of what happens when workers are forced to compete with each other and sell their labor to the owners of capital. An important consequence, the offer, is the stripping away of other kinds of social ties that used to bind people together in society. Within what has come to be known as a cash nexus, workers are mere commoditiesexpendable, and easily replaceable. They go on to explain that because capitalism is premised on growth, the system is gobbling up all people and societies around the world. As the system grows, expands, and evolves its methods and relations of production, ownership, and thus wealth and power are increasingly centralized within it. (The global scale of todays capitalist economy and the extreme concentration of ownership and wealth among the global elite show us that the 19th-century observations of Marx and Engels were on point.) However, Marx and Engels wrote, the system itself is designed for failure. Because as it grows and ownership and wealth concentrate, the exploitative conditions of wage laborers only worsen over time, and these sew the seeds of revolt. They observe that, in fact, that revolt is already fomenting; the rise of the Communist party is a sign of this. Marx and Engels conclude this section with this proclamation: What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable. It is this section of the text that is considered the main body of the Manifesto, and is most often quoted, and taught as an abridged version to students. The following sections are less well-known. Part 2: Proletarians and Communists In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all. In this section, Marx and Engels explain what it is exactly that the Communist Party wants for society. They begin by pointing out that the Communist Party is not a political workers party like any other because it does not represent a particular faction of workers. Rather, it represents the interests of workers (the proletariat) as a whole. These interests are shaped by the class antagonisms created by capitalism and the rule of the bourgeoisie and transcend national borders. They explain, quite plainly, that the Communist Party seeks to turn  the proletariat into a cohesive class with clear and unified class interests, to overthrow the rule of the bourgeoisie, and to seize and redistribute political power. The crux of doing this, Marx and Engels explain, is the abolition of private property, which is the manifest of capital, and the essence of wealth hoarding. Marx and Engels acknowledge that this proposition is met with scorn and derision on the part of the bourgeoisie. To this, they reply: You are horrified at our intending to do away with private property. But in your existing society, private property is already done away with for nine-tenths of the population; its existence for the few is solely due to its non-existence in the hands of those nine-tenths. You reproach us, therefore, with intending to do away with a form of property, the necessary condition for whose existence is the non-existence of any property for the immense majority of society. In other words, clinging to the importance and necessity of private property only benefits the bourgeoisie in a capitalist society. Everyone else has little to no access to it and suffers under its reign. If you question the validity of this claim in todays context, just consider the vastly unequal distribution of wealth in the U.S., and the mountain of consumer, housing, and educational debt that buries most of the population. Then, Marx and Engels state the ten goals of the Communist Party: Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes.A heavy progressive or graduated income tax.Abolition of all rights of inheritance.Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels.Centralization of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly.Centralization of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State.Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan.Equal liability of all to work. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture.Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the  populace over the country.Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labor in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, etc. While some of these might seem controversial and troubling, consider that some of them have and do exist in a variety of nations around the world. Part 3: Socialist and Communist Literature In Part 3 Marx and Engels present an overview of three different types of socialist literature, or critiques of the bourgeoisie, that existed at their time, in order to provide context for the Manifesto. These include reactionary socialism, conservative or bourgeois socialism, and critical-utopian socialism or communism. They explain that the first type is either backward-looking and seeking to return to some kind of feudal structure, or that seeks to really preserve conditions as they are and is actually opposed to the goals of the Communist Party. The second, conservative or bourgeois socialism, is the product of  members of the bourgeoisie savvy enough to know that one must address some grievances of the proletariat in order to maintain the system as it is. Marx and Engels note that economists, philanthropists, humanitarians, those that run charities, and many other do-gooders espouse and produce this particular ideology, which seeks to make minor adjustments to the system rathe r than change it (for a contemporary take on this, see the differing implications of a Sanders versus a Clinton presidency). The third type is concerned with  offering real critiques of the class structure and social structure, and a vision of what could be, but suggests that the goal should be to create new and separate societies rather than fight to reform the existing one, so it too is opposed to a collective struggle by the proletariat. Part 4:  Position of the Communists in Relation to the  Various Existing Opposition Parties In the final section Marx and Engels point out that the Communist Party supports all revolutionary movements that challenge the existing social and political order, and close the Manifesto with a call for unity among the proletariat with their famous rally cry, Working men of all countries, unite!

May riots in indonesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

May riots in indonesia - Research Paper Example It is worth noting that these named locations were strongholds of the Chinese community, who had developed fairly than other locals in business economically, and even established their homes around. Many believe that there was misleading information on the influencers of the riots, some accusing the government, military and elite groups’ involvement in the mass destruction to secure their interests. Other violent movements had been conducted as early as in 1965 among others minor cases worth mentioning, to the 1998 May riots, which was the peak of destruction that undermined the country’s reputation; however, all these incidences demonstrated the specific history of anti-Chinese sentiment and oppression in Indonesia. Thesis statement: The riots began as student peaceful movement protesting against the death of their fellow reformist, but later became politically motivated to force resignation of President Suharto. The violence of the riots intensified when the non-stude nts, young and poor people in the urban areas took advantage of the country’s situation to cause lootings, steer destruction and human violation against the rivaled Chinese community. The local Indonesian rioters rage highly impacted on Chinese ethnicity, their women being sexually assaulted and causing many of the locals and foreigners to leave or migrate. The political and economical instability led to the eruption of the riots, whose effects were later characterized as anti-Chinese action. Cause of the Riot In the month of May, the students had been protesting against the death of their fellow reformist and students, who generally hoped to have change considering the economical situation and the political climate that was unsuitable to steer the nation ahead. The Suharto regime was characterized by a lot of corruption and had been in power for thirty two years (Abrash pbs.org). In his position, the public interest was disregarded as he sought to show favourism towards his family and elite groups who were few, but very rich in the development over time. Apart from the potential Chinese businesses, his favorites had established growing businesses, which were believed to have steered the public anger over Suharto rule. Coincidentally, the gasoline price hike as a reform measure that was being implemented by the government, gave an opportunity for severe riots in major contested towns. The incident became serious when 6 of university students were shot dead in a Jakarta on 13 May, in a confrontation with the Indonesian security forces (â€Å"Refugee review† 3). On the same day, the riots spread across Medan, Solo, and Jakarta among other areas as the non-students or young urban men took control of the riots, while the students mourned the fall of their fellow students. As a result of the differences in the economy and power, the Chinese were the major scapegoat beside the minority elites and royal family. The demonstrating students from different universities later marched forth to the parliament building demanding the stepping down of President Suharto, which was later a success. Effects of 1998 Riots Chinese women rape: Following the Chinese community being the targeted group in the country, their women and female children risked being violated sexually in the times of the riots. The families therefore had an obligation to secure their women, even if it meant moving out of the country for their safety.

The Impact of Information Technology in the Vodafone Group Research Paper

The Impact of Information Technology in the Vodafone Group Organization - Research Paper Example This paper discusses and describes the Vodafone Group business Organization structure with a focus on the role of IT in its business Organization structure. Vodafone Group is a multinational British telecommunication company, whose main office is in London, with a registered office in Newburry Berkshire. Vodafone company started as a joint venture between Hambros Technology Trust , Millicom and the subsidiary of Racal Electronics PLC’s strategic Radio Ltd in 1982 with its name being derived from a company’s goal of establishing data services and voice services over mobile telephone networks. Hence its network was called Racal Vodafone. The company was renamed Recal Telecom in 1988. In 1991, Racal Telecom became demerged from the Racal Electronics there is when the mobile telephony giant came into existence. In 1996, the company bought people phone and acquired 80% of the Astec Communication, a move that so it increase its shares of UK mobile customers. According to the report findings since 9th December 2010, the key elements of the Vodafone Organizational structure are as described. The operating companies for the group are under two operating regions reflecting the different geographies or different nature of assets, as well as to reflect the differences in development of the sector considering various economies. These included Europe which comprise all existing controlled business located in Europe, in addition to Turkey, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Hungary. At the helm, as the regional CEO, Michel Combel is in charge of the Europe Region.