Conflict critique Free Essays

A conflict is a disagreement between individuals or groups which when remain unresolved, may need the intervention of a mediator to prevent escalation of the dispute. Conflict transformation on the other hand is when an individual mindset, attitude, skills and capabilities changes so they can deal with conflict resolution Issues. Indispensable in the process Is the modeling of spiritual lessons as taught In the Bible. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now In our everyday lives we face some kind of conflict this Is because we are surrounded by different individuals with different personalities and believe when efferent Individuals come together these personalities clash. The problem of conflict happens especially in schools and this Is why a course Like conflict transformation Is Important especially for school children. The course of conflict transformation seeks to provide students with knowledge and understanding of the nature of conflict. The course gives students ways of how they should manage conflict and successfully deal with conflict In different circumstances. During this semester the course have thought me some valuable things such as: the nature and causes of conflict, we have articulated in different conflict situation, developed skills and attitude towards solving conflict. The different skills that I have learnt have brought transformation in my life. Before learning skills of which to deal with conflict my ways of handling conflict was unhealthy. Whenever I had an issue with someone I would blurt it out in front of a crowd instead of doing it in a peaceful and respectful way. I would not listen when persons try to come to an agreement but since I have been introduced to this course I have learnt how to handle my disputes in the right way. Great impact as been made in my personal life. Now I understand the nature of conflict and that emotions play an integral part in conflict. Usually I let my emotions take control of me during a conflict, but conflict transformation as thought me the skill of emotional intelligence. This is where you learn to control your emotions and do not let your emotions take control so to let you make wrong decisions without strong feelings. Anger is an emotion which when expressed, causes a person to acts out of character and sometimes loose self-control, resorting to verbally, emotionally, and sometimes hectically abusing another person or persons. Sometimes, anger may be expressed for self-defense and â€Å"righteous indignation. This is one emotion which I had problems with. When I was angry, my anger over powered my thoughts. Instead of letting an emotion like anger cloud my thoughts now, I control my feelings, express my emotions in a non-aggressive way. Another Impact the course had made In my personal life is that it reminded me of an Important thing, which I must learn and always do, listen. When you do not listen to Indiv iduals you tend to misinterpret what they had said. This causes conflict and also put a halt In solving some conflicts. Not listening caused me to be In many conflict In the past. I did not stop to listen and understand. I now listen to Individuals as to show them that I care, that I have respect for them In addition to showing them that I have Interest In the Issue at hand. Due to this course I am now a better person because my life has been transformed. It has made some significant impact on my life. To avoid conflict I 4)Attacking the person, not the problem 5)Establishing objectivity 6)Use of Sarcasm 7)Tone of voice. Instead of not caring and wasting time arguing I am now†¦ ) Being aware of the emotional atmosphere. 2) Being sensitive of what we say and how we say it. 3) Seeking to be a peacemaker. 4) Being willing to negotiate your position on an issue and show respect for the opinion of others. 5) Being compassionate. 6) Practicing fair play and objectivity. 7) Seeking to create a win-win situation in a conflict. I am glad I was able to do a course such as this because it has given me a new perceptive o how to deal with people. I now can make myself to be a healthy, kind hearted person in addition to helping others. How to cite Conflict critique, Papers

Business Of Social Environmental Innovationâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain How A Retail Chain Store Maintains Its Sustainable Practices Determine The Existing Contribution Of Woolworth Company Towards Environment And Community? What Is The Key Responsibility Of Woolworth Company Towards Employee, Customer, Suppliers, And Shareholder? Answer: Introduction In the present scenario, globalization has resulted in creating better growth and development opportunities for businesses. Furthermore, globalization has also supported companies to carry out free trade practices and have more efficient access to the latest and upgraded technology. However, it can be critically argued that along with the growth and development of many small and large organizations, challenges linked with exploitation of natural resources, increasing pollution and global warming have also raised to a great extent(McCarthy 2014). These problems have emerged as a threat to entire environment, societies and the people living in the same. Nowadays, businesses are encouraged to carry out their operations and activities by adopting sustainable practices. In simpler terms, sustainable practices can be defined as those activities which result in economic development without depletion of the environment and natural resources(Methner, Hamann Nilsson 2015). The concept of sustainability emphasizes on the integration of three major elements which are environmental, socio-political and economic sustainability. Nowadays many brands such as PepsiCo, Starbucks, Tesco, and General Electric have adopted the concept of carrying out sustainable business practices. The present research outlines the sustainable business practices adopted by Woolworth Company Australia. Furthermore, the objectives, methodology, and limitations of the study are also highlighted in this report. Project Objective The primary objective of the present research to identify the way in which a retail chain store maintains its sustainable business practices. To carry out in-depth and efficient analysis of the topic under investigation, Woolworth Company has been taken into consideration. The present report has outlined the way in which Woolworth is carrying out its business practices without damaging the environment and society. Another objective of the present research paper is to identify the contribution made by Woolworth in the development of the community. Apart from this, assessing the key responsibilities of the company towards its stakeholders is also the objective of this paper. Project Scope The present research paper has helped in understanding the way in which sustainable business practices are carried out by Woolworth Company. Here, different sources of data collection are taken into consideration to gather accurate, reliable and valid information. This study has helped in understanding the overall contribution made by Woolworth Company towards the growth and development of community within which it is carrying out its operations and activities. On the other side of this, the study has also supported in getting aware of the fact that at present, Woolworth Company is accomplishing its responsibilities towards all its stakeholders in the best possible manner. For example, the business emphasizes on delivering quality products and services to all its customers at very convenient prices. In addition to this, Woolworth Company provides equal and adequate growth opportunities to all its employees. Literature Review It can be expressed that over the past few years, the concept of sustainability has gained high popularity among businesses and organizations(Lawley, Birch Craig 2016). Furthermore, these practices can provide companies with real benefits which are essential for long-term growth and development. For example, adopting sustainable business practices allows companies to enhance their overall brand image and gain a competitive advantage over the other players operating in the marketplace(Klovien? Speziale 2015). The rationale behind this is that adoption of sustainable practices helps in developing a strong sense of satisfaction among people in the market. Further, individuals start perceiving that the company cares about society and environment under which it is operating. It acts as a strong motivational factor and encourages people in the market to purchase product and services from one particular company. However, it can be critically argued that adapting sustainable practices is not an easy task for organizations as there are various issues and challenges which businesses face(Klettner, Clarke Boersma 2014). For instance, enterprises are required to carry out changes in their existing systems, operations, practices, and it is not an easy task to perform. Companies can attract investors and employees by carrying out sustainable practices in the long run. People are more interested in investing their money in organizations which take care of society, community and environment(Nursey-Bray, Harvey Smith 2016). A company respect towards workers, stakeholders, and environment can be considered as a substantial factor which motivates investors to invest their money. On the contrary, it can be argued that measuring and reporting sustainability practices is quite challenging and arduous(Hughes, McEwan Bek 2015). Further, this acts as an obstacle in front of organizations regarding adopting sustainable practices. Nowadays, leading brands of the world have taken the initiative in protecting the community and environment through their business practices. It can be expressed that brand like Coca-cola is carrying out its sustainable practices through water stewardship program(Rajabian Tabesh, Batt Butler 2016). The company has been able to enhance its overall efficiency of water usage by 20%. On the other side of this, brand like General Electric is encouraging more and more engagement of employees through its sustainable practices(Hadjimichael Hegland 2016). A company like PepsiCo carries out sustainable business practices through encouraging stakeholder management. Here, meetings with the stakeholders are conducted by PepsiCo at regular intervals and discussions regarding climate change, public health issues and scarcity of resources are carried out. The concept of sustainable practices is also getting popular in countries such as Australia and many companies operating in the country have adopted these practices. Australian organizations such as Westpac Banking Corporation, Stockland, Insurance Australia Group, Woolworths Company, etc. have become very popular in the world because of their sustainable practices (Pro Bono Australia 2011). Woolworths Company has developed a sustainability plan, and the brand emphasizes on accomplishing its sustainability goals by the end of the year 2020. Woolworths Company has established twenty primary goals which are linked with corporate social responsibility and sustainability(Flax, Bick Abratt 2016). The vision of Woolworths Company is to make Australia healthy through its products and services. One of the primary goals of the organization is to ensure zero percent waste going into landfill. Apart from this, the company has introduced its packing brand to ensure effective recyclability of its packing material(Woolwoths Group 2017). Woolworths Company is also creating awareness among industry and people in the market to carry out more sustainable sourcing of products. At the same time, the retail chain is focusing on reducing its carbon emissions with a purpose to deal with the challenges linked to climate change. In the modern era, landfill form food waste has resulted in negatively damaging the entire environment(Shauki 2016). Furthermore, the government, stakeholders and regulatory authorities now encourage businesses to reduce their landfill and protect the environment in every possible manner(Dos Santos, Svensson Padin 2013). Woolworths Company has taken a step further in this program, and the brand is reducing its overall landfill through various strategies and practices. For example, the retail chain emphasizes on carrying out the reduction in its stock loss and enhancing its waste management practices. Woolworths Company has also developed a partnership with the local community, and now it is contributing a lot to regional support, food rescue and farmers. In today's cooperate scenario, attaining higher profits and increasing customer base cannot be considered as the core objectives of businesses(Bepari et al. 2016). Every company has certain roles and responsibilities towards society, and these responsibilities should be accomplished in the best possible manner. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) emphasize on the fact that every organization has some responsibility towards society, environment, and these responsibilities should not be neglected in any case. At present, CSR activity of Woolworths Company focuses on different areas to ensure the protection of environment, society, and stakeholders(Devin Richards 2016). For example, the company now emphasize on encouraging more diversity within its staff members. At the same time, the retail chain ensures that no form of discrimination is carried out by all employees. Woolworths Company does not encourage any pay gap between male and female employee working at same level (Woolworths Group 2017). On the other hand, the corporate social responsibility program of Woolworths also focuses on the areas such as developing long-term relations with all suppliers and carrying out more sustainable practices(Zutshi et al. 2016). Nowadays, the organization is looking forward to carrying out responsible souring of all raw material and products. Here, the company is looking forward to earning respect and trusts of all its customers (Woolworthsgroup 2017). The responsible sourcing practices of Woolworths focus on areas such as animal welfare along with sustainable sourcing of fish, seafood, and forestry products. These practices have supported the retail chain to develop a strong sense of satisfaction among all its internal and external stakeholders(Arli et al. 2013). The major focus of Woolworths CSR program is to develop positive relationships with all its suppliers and development of community under which it is operating. The company has been able to achieve leading customer satisfaction score in the entire industry because of its sustainable practices and corporate social responsibilities. It can be expressed that the company has also developed and launched The Good Business Journey Program in the year 2007. In this particular program, the business emphasized on four major areas which were climate change, social development, transformation, and environment(Akbar Ahsan 2014). The company established more than 200 targets linked with sustainability for the period of 2007 to 2013, and it is been able to accomplish the majority of these objectives. However, it can be critically argued that achieving those goals was not an easy task for Woolworths and the retail chain was required to place a lot of efforts and resources. For example, the organization encourages its investors, employees, NGOs and suppliers to become part of the five-year program. At the same time, an audit of suppliers was carried out on a frequent basis to ensure that the practices which they are carrying out are sustainable. In addition to this, a fair and transparent process of communication was used to render information to all stakeholders. Over the past one decade, the brand has been able to sell products which create little or almost zero harm to the environment and the local community(AO Dos Santos, Svensson Padin 2014). The practices and business operations of Woolworths are also focused on dealing with the issues and challenges faced by society. The supermarket retail chain has developed targets to reduce its carbon footprints, improving its energy efficiencies and it can be stated that it will able to achieve the same with efforts and corporation of all stakeholders. The major limitation of the earlier literature is that it focuses only on the companys point of view towards sustainable practices. The reviews and work of other researchers and studies were not taken into consideration to identify the way in which a retail chain store maintains its sustainable business practices. The previous emphasize only on the information presented in within the official website of Woolworths. Thus, it can be stated that there is an apparent gap in the literature about the sustainable practices adopted by Woolworths. Research design and methodology The research design is defined as the action plan or strategy which is employed by research to accomplish objectives and aim of a particular study. The use of appropriate research design assists a researcher in arranging various components of research in a logical and coherent manner. To identify how a retail chain carries out its sustainable practices, the exploratory design of research is selected by the researcher(Coleman 2013). The benefit of using exploratory research design is that it has supported in developing insight into the topic chosen for investigation. In the existing research paper, the use of exploratory research design has helped in identifying the different strategies and action plan adopted by Woolworth Company to carry out its corporate social responsibilities. The problem associated with present research has been identified more efficiently through the use of exploratory research design. The process of qualitative research begins with the development of general research questions linked to the study. In the second stage, different kinds of literature and secondary sources are selected in qualitative research. The third stage begins with the development of the conceptual framework and then the process of data collection is carried out(McNely, Spinuzzi Teston 2015). The analysis and interpretation of information collected are done through methods such as thematic analysis. After this, the final stage of writing findings or conclusion is carried out. The validity and reliability of research are ensured by selected authentic and reliable sources of data collection. Furthermore, nonprobabilistic sampling methods such as snowball sampling quota sampling and convenience sampling are used in qualitative research. Quantitative research can be termed as the form of research wherein numeric data or numbers are taken into consideration while collecting information about a particular topic. The primary objective of quantitative research is to test different theories and obtain valid outcomes. The process of quantitative research begins with the formulation of theory linked with the topic. Furthermore, a hypothesis is developed in the second stage of quantitative studies(Zhang 2013). After this, the researcher selects the most suitable research design, and then different independent and dependent variables of the study are identified. After this stage, sampling method and the sample size is selected, and then data is collected. Further, different types of tools such as SPSS are used to analyse and interpret the information gathered. At last, the conclusion is drawn by data analysed. In quantitative research, probabilistic sampling method such as stratified sampling, simple random sampling, cluster sampling and systematic sampling is taken into consideration. Research Limitations To carry out the present study, a limited amount of resources and time was available to the researcher, and this can be considered as the primary limitation of the present study. Furthermore, the data collected in the current research paper was also limited to secondary sources. Here, primary sources of data collection are not used, and this has affected the results of paper to a great extent. Activity Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Writing Research Proposal Reading various literature Finalizing the aims and objectives Draft literature review Collect secondary data Analyze secondary data Develop research approach Draft research methodology Draft Findings Analyze data Writing down findings and conclusion Conclusion From the above-conducted research paper, it can be inferred that sustainable business practices have become essential for long-term growth and success of the organization. Furthermore, Woolworth Company has adopted different strategies and tools to carry out sustainable practices. At present, the brand has developed different sustainable objectives which it aims to accomplish by the end of the year 2020. The business has been able to accomplish its corporate social responsibilities in the best possible manner. For example, equal pay for employees is offered, and no form of discrimination is encouraged at the workplace. On the other side of this, Woolworth Company is also focusing on areas such as sustainable sourcing to reduce the negative impact of its business practices on the environment. Reference list Akbar, S Ahsan, K 2014, 'Analysis of corporate social disclosure practices of Australian retail firms.', International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting, pp. 375-396. AO Dos Santos, M, Svensson, G Padin, C 2014, 'A fivefold bottom line approach of implementing and reporting corporate efforts in sustainable business practices. Management of Environmental Quality:', An International Journal , pp. 421-430. Arli, V, Dylke, S, Burgess, R, Campus, R Soldo, E 2013, ' Woolworths Australia and Walmart US: Best practices in supply chain collaboration. ', Journal of Economics, Business Accountancy Ventura, p. 16. Bepari, MK, Bepari, MK, Mollik, AT Mollik, AT 2016, 'Stakeholders interest in sustainability assurance process: An examination of assurance statements reported by Australian companies. ', Managerial Auditing Journal, pp. 655-687. Coleman, R 2013, Deleuze and research methodologies., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Devin, B Richards, C 2016, 'Food waste, power, and corporate social responsibility in the Australian food supply chain. ', Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 1-12. Dos Santos, MA, Svensson, G Padin, C 2013, ' Indicators of sustainable business practices: Woolworths in South Africa. Supply Chain Management: ', An International Journal, pp. 104-108. Flax, J, Bick, G Abratt, R 2016, 'The perceptions of supplier-buyer relations and its affect on the corporate brand', Journal of Brand Management, pp. 22-37. Hadjimichael, M Hegland, TJ 2016, 'Really sustainable? Inherent risks of eco-labeling in fisheries.', Fisheries Research, pp. 129-135. Hughes, A, McEwan, C Bek, D 2015, 'Mobilizing the ethical consumer in South Africa. ', Geoforum , pp. 148-157. Klettner, A, Clarke, T Boersma, M 2014, 'The governance of corporate sustainability: Empirical insights into the development, leadership and implementation of responsible business strategy. ', Journal of Business Ethics, pp. 145-165. Klovien?, L Speziale, MT 2015, 'Sustainability reporting as a challenge for performance measurement: literature review.', Economics and Business, pp. 44-53. Lawley, M, Birch, D Craig, J 2016, '20 Managing sustainability in the seafood supply chain. ', A Stakeholder Approach to Managing Food: Local, National, and Global Issues, p. 284. McCarthy, BL 2014, 'Sustainable food systems in Northern Queensland.', Journal of marketing and Social Policy, p. 0_1. McNely, B, Spinuzzi, C Teston, C 2015, 'Contemporary research methodologies in technical communication.', Technical Communication Quarterly, pp. 1-13. Methner, N, Hamann, R Nilsson, W 2015, The Evolution of a Sustainability Leader: The Development of Strategic and Boundary Spanning Organizational Innovation Capabilities in Woolworths. In The Business of Social and Environmental Innovation , Springer International Publishing, New York City. Nursey-Bray, M, Harvey, N Smith, TF 2016, ' Learning and local government in coastal South Australia: towards a community of practice framework for adapting to global change. ', Regional environmental change, pp. 733-746. Pro Bono Australia 2011, Australian Companies Amongst Worlds 100 Most Sustainable, viewed 16 September 2017, https://probonoaustralia.com.au/news/2011/02/australian-companies-amongst-worlds-100-most-sustainable/. Rajabian Tabesh, A, Batt, PJ Butler, B 2016, 'Modelling the Impact of Environmental and Organizational Determinants on Green Supply Chain Innovation and Performance.', Journal of Food Products Marketing, pp. 436-454. Shauki, E 2016, 'Is This a Case of Self-Enlightened Interest or Genuine Accountability: A Study on Different Reporting Media in the Australian Retail Industry. ', Asia Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, pp. 51-76. Woolworths Group 2017, Corporate Responsiblities , viewed 16 September 2017, https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/corporate-responsibility. Woolworthsgroup 2017, Responsible Sourcing , viewed 16 September 2017, https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/responsibile-sourcing. Woolwoths Group 2017, Environment and sustainability, viewed 16 September 2017, https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/community-and-responsibility/group-responsibility/environment. Zhang, Y 2013, 'Urban metabolism: A review of research methodologies. ', Environmental pollution , pp. 463-473. Zutshi, A, Zutshi, A, Creed, A, Creed, A, Holmes, M, Holmes, M Brain, J 2016, 'Reflections of environmental management implementation in furniture.', International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, pp. 840-859.

Answers to Questions About Tense #3

Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 By Mark Nichol Three questions from readers about mixing tenses, and my responses to their questions, follow. 1. When I read the following quote recently, I wondered whether it’s wrong for all the verbs to be in the past tense: â€Å"Smith said he believed that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† What do you think? Reporting is generally presented in the past tense, but to continue to form verbs in the past tense may misrepresent the facts. At the time that Smith spoke, he held a belief that he presumably will hold into perpetuity, so the present tense of believe is appropriate here. However, whether the verb after company should be in present tense or past tense depends on whether the alleged intimidation is ongoing. That was not the case in this particular instance, but if that is not clear in the context of the complete article, the reporter should explicitly state whether the intimidation ended. The sentence should read, â€Å"Smith said he believes that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† 2. Is the following sentence properly constructed?: â€Å"Launching nationwide on September 25, BankWorks is a new service offered by Banking Services, the same company that brought you BankTrack and BankData.† Somehow the variation in verb tenses (launching, is, brought) does not sit quite right with me, but I cannot say if it is wrong. Mixing tenses in sentences is fine, as long as each verb form is consistent with the tense for that piece of information. The service will launch in the future, but it is offered in the present, and the services BankTrack and BankData were established in the past, so the sentence is correct. 3. What are your thoughts are regarding tense usage for reported speech? Consider the following sentences: â€Å"John told me that he was married.† â€Å"John told me that he is married.† Which one should I use if I want to say that John was married at the time he said he was married and he is still married at the time of the reported speech? Write, â€Å"John told me that he is married† if he had a spouse at the time that he spoke to you. Write, â€Å"John told me that he was married† if John is now single. (Mixing of tenses is correct if the context warrants it, but it goes against the grain, and we’re so used to seeing it wrong, especially in nonprofessional writing, that it may seem incorrect.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesWhen to use "an"

Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa

yet can not capture the drive and struggles that Fukuzawa went through during this period of change. Along the road to the realization of his vision Fukuzawa encountered distaste from fellow clansmen and anti-foreign aggressors, yet with quiet determination and willing students from across the country Fukuzawa saw his country open its borders to Western civilization and embrace it fully. To understand why Fukuzawa strived for the complete dismissal of the Confusion feudal society that had existed for two and a half centuries prior to his birth, one must understand Fukuzawa’s childhood and studies as a student of Dutch and English. Fukuzawa’s father was a low ranking samurai, thus according to the Japanese class system at the time, Fukuzawa was born with the same class and rank as his father. His father died while Fukuzawa was still a toddler and his family moved back to their mother’s clan village and lived in relative poverty. Since an early age Fukuzawa’s mother had told him that his father had always dreamed that he would become a priest, Fukuzawa interpreted this as his father wanting him to b... Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa Yukichi Fukuzawa’s Autobiography offers an in depth view on one man’s dreams and hopes for a better Japan and how those dreams can become a reality. Fukuzawa lived during one of the most incredible changes in Japanese history, the Meiji Restoration, and was one of the biggest supporters for opening the country to foreign thought and civilization. Fukuzawa dreamed of a nation were the strict class system did not exist and a nation that welcomed foreign influence openly and warmly. Fukuzawa writes, â€Å"The final purpose of all my work was to create in Japan a civilized nation as well equipped in the arts of war and peace as those of the Western world. I acted as if I had become the sole functioning agent for the introduction of Western learning† (214). This one simple statement sums up one man’s life dream in a few words yet can not capture the drive and struggles that Fukuzawa went through during this period of change. Along the road to the realizati on of his vision Fukuzawa encountered distaste from fellow clansmen and anti-foreign aggressors, yet with quiet determination and willing students from across the country Fukuzawa saw his country open its borders to Western civilization and embrace it fully. To understand why Fukuzawa strived for the complete dismissal of the Confusion feudal society that had existed for two and a half centuries prior to his birth, one must understand Fukuzawa’s childhood and studies as a student of Dutch and English. Fukuzawa’s father was a low ranking samurai, thus according to the Japanese class system at the time, Fukuzawa was born with the same class and rank as his father. His father died while Fukuzawa was still a toddler and his family moved back to their mother’s clan village and lived in relative poverty. Since an early age Fukuzawa’s mother had told him that his father had always dreamed that he would become a priest, Fukuzawa interpreted this as his father wanting him to b...

A Penetrating Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Penetrating Analysis - Case Study Example The administrator had stored his admin password on his mobile phone and had left the phone unattended in his office. At that time he had not realized that his mobile had been tampered with or that anyone had retrieved the admin password and user name from it. Approximately two weeks later, a virus was uploaded to the company's server and effectively shredded all employee information. Investigations into the attack uncovered evidence from the data dump and the syslog files which indicated that the virus had been directly uploaded from within the organization by the administrator himself. At least, the username and the password the attacker had entered to access the company's server were the administrator's. Further investigations revealed the password theft incident and identified the attacker as a disgruntled IT employee, who had just been put on notice by the administrator. The employee in question was, of course, fired and legal measures were taken against him. The employee records , after the investment of considerable effort and time by the IT department, were retrieved. The seThe security incident described in the above, comprises a malicious attack whose potential for damage was significant. The attacker limited himself to the uploaded of a virus but, alternatively, he could have retrieved company information which was of value to competitors, such as client lists and a proposal that the company was putting together, at that time, for a bid. The consequences, in other words, could have been more damaging than they ultimately were, not because the company's network security system was effective but because the attacker's goal was limited to the uploading of the virus in question. Reflecting upon the security incident outlined in the previous, it is apparent that the network administrator was at fault. Password information should be safeguarded as keys to a vault are, insofar as they are the keys to a corporation's nerve center and misuse has the potential to wreak tremendous damage on a corporation. The second security incident which the company confronted was much more serious and occurred as a direct consequence of a vulnerability in the Cisco router which the company had installed. Apparently, Cisco IOS had a security hole which the company was trying to resolve through a software patch. Cisco had informed its IOS users that they would need to download and install the new software but had not mentioned the security hole. Therefore, my company and the IT department were, as the case with the countless of companies which used IOS across the world, unaware of the presence of a security hole. Many criminal hackers, however, were and Cisco only admitted it at a much later date (Zetter, 2005). Exploitation of this particular security hole did not mean, as the network administrator explained, that a hacker could enter the corporate network but that he/she could both tamper with the data and control the data flow. This is precisely what happened. The router password was changed, financial records were tampered with and two orders for financial transfers were sent by the Financial Director to an offshore bank

Appropriate Justification for Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Appropriate Justification for Punishment - Essay Example Therefore, punishment is a response to unusual behavior or crimes in societies and usually takes the form of either formal or informal ways of administration. Formally, the authority figures utilize systematized laws such as civil law suits while informally, the society uses social groups such as peer groups to correct an individual (Bonta & Andrews, 2010, p.58). Conversely, at the informal level, social systems are employed and this touches on families, friends or peers. Punishments vary in the severity, depending on the extent of their consequences in the society, and may include reprimands, ostracism, sanctions, incarcerations, fines, death penalties, or deprivation of privileges (Michael, 2001, p.99). Incapacitation, deterrence, education, rehabilitation, and retribution are the principal punishment justifications (Lippman, 2009, p.82). Deterrence, also referred to as prevention is a disciplinary procedure used to avoid offenses. Through deterrence, those who commit offenses are deterred from reoffending while those contemplating the offense are deterred from trying to commit these offenses (David, 2002, p. 11). The goal of this punishment is to scare people from committing crimes or they face the punishment. Authority figures on the other hand, use rehabilitation for reform purposes. This form of punishment rehabilitates the wrong doer and prevents them from committing the crimes again. In this case, the punishment changes the wrong doer’s attitude and makes them realize that what they do is wrong, and helps them stop it. For the sake of protecting the society, law makers use incapacitation as a form of punishment. In this case, the society engages in several methods to remove the ability of the offender to engage in future offenses (David, 2002, p.13), which includes imprisonments, amputations or death penalties. In most criminal activities, the offender usually gains while the victim of the offense looses. For the sake of retributive justice, retr ibution is necessary; to create a balance between the offender and the victim and ensure the offender suffers (David, 2002, p.15). Another reason for punishment is restoration, where the offender makes right whatever they have committed. Penalties for restoration are minor, and may include compensation or community services. In addition to these, there are other reasons for punishments such as education, which instills discipline to the society’s norms and values. Punishment has received much attention from scholars of various fields, specifically, philosophy and psychology. In Psychology, operant conditioning is most associated with punishment. Operant conditioning introduces the aspect of response-stimuli conditioning and learning through reinforcement (Nevid, 2011, p.183). In this context, punishment refers to the act of reducing behavior by applying an adverse stimulus or removing a pleasant stimulus. This concept is useful in understanding the justifications for punishme nts because they basic goal is to reduce or remove unpleasant behavior from the organism (Blackman, 1974, p.77). Over the years, civilization has changed the methods and perception of punishment. The rationale behind every punishment method is that its degree should fit the crime. The consequence of a crime to the society is used to assess and formulate the most suitable punishment (Hugo, 2010, p. 87). Every type of punishment has its purpose and this mainly includes: rehabilitating

Should tobacco companies be held responsible for smoking-related Research Paper

Should tobacco companies be held responsible for smoking-related illnesses and deaths - Research Paper Example This is due to the fact that, whereas smokers inhale cigarette smoke directly into their lungs, those close to them eventually consume the smoke exhaled as well as that from the burning cigarette in a passive manner (Brandt 15). According to 2002 statistics, it is estimated that more than 1.6 billion people world wide are smokers, translating to approximately 27% of the world’s population (Torrison 82). The effects of this habit are numerous ranging from cancer, impotence, heart failure, and eventually death. It is estimated that more than 400000 people die on yearly basis in the US primarily due to complications arising from cigarette smoking (Torrison 17). This essay is a critical evaluation of whether tobacco processing industries should be held accountable for the deaths and other effects of smoking. Tobacco Smoking There is no person who is born a smoker, it is a habit that one adopts willingly maybe due to some reasons that most smokers give such as peer influence, as a way of relieving stress among others (Williams 51). Interestingly, information regarding the various harmful effects of this habit is usually within the vicinity of these people ranging from manufacturers warning printed on the cigarette packets, flyers and posters erected by various organizations which fight drug and alcohol abuse as well as numerous informative advertisements on the print and electronic media (Torrison 11). In this context, it would be wrong for these people to feign ignorance and put the blame on someone else. Majority of smokers know that tobacco smoking is addictive, meaning that the longer you continue to consume, the more you will program the body to expect frequent replenishment of nicotine. Probably, this is one of the major factors which make it difficult for one to quit smoking and when some do, the craving for nicotine becomes intense hence resulting to fallback and the show of withdrawal symptoms (Torrison 31). However, it is the responsibility of these people to know that it only requires effort and dedication in order to be able to quit successfully. If this is not possible, they have the option of acquiring the services of professionals, who would guide them through the process and advise them on how to manage the craving for cigarette until that time when they will have succeeded completely. The major problem is the fact that most of the smokers live in denial, i.e. they refuse to acknowledge that they are addicts some giving lame excuses such as they only smoke when on a drinking spree or when faced with a difficult situation (Williams 81). The US authorities have tried to enact legislations with the aim of protecting non-smokers from harm, with several states banning tobacco smoking in areas which are highly populated such as public vehicles, offices among others (Brandt 62). However, it is sad to note that even with these regulations smoking continues to be one of the major causes of death with statistics indicating that 1 of every 5 deaths in the US is as a result of this habit (Dethic 52). Some critics have in the past put the blame on cigarette manufacturing companies based on the assumption that if they were not in the business, then people would not access the cigarettes (Williams 124). They forget that tobacco as with other drugs, such as marijuana, is produced from plants, which any person can access especially since there are no laws that have been enacted to illegalize it. As such, one can just plant his or